| 1 |
PRINTMAKING INKS |
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| 2 |
Pigments |
Hazard. w/chronic exposure |
Potential hazard. |
Chromate and cobalt cause irritation |
Getting pigments in cuts or sores |
Use ready-made inks; use glove box, respirator; follow good hygiene practices; wash work surfaces |
| 3 |
Vehicles |
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Oil vehicles slightly hazardous, chronically |
Flammable and may spontaneously combust |
Don't use open flame; place oil-soaked rags in disposal cans or pails of water |
| 4 |
Modifiers |
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| 5 |
Ink Reducers |
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| 6 |
Tack Reducers |
Moderately toxic |
Moderately toxic |
Moderately toxic |
Benzene flammable |
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| 7 |
Stiffeners |
Not toxic |
Large amounts hazard. |
Irritant |
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| 8 |
Antiskinning Agents |
Moderately toxic/highly toxic |
Highly toxic (aerosols) |
Slightly irritating/slightly toxic |
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Avoid lead or manganese driers; take precautions against fire |
| 9 |
PRINTING |
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| 10 |
Inking and Printing |
Hazard. w/accidental ingestion |
No hazard, unless old inks dry |
Hazard. if ink gets into sores or cuts |
Heavy rollers cause back problems |
Use water-based inks; avoid hand-spreading inks; use barrier cream; practice good hygiene techniques; safety guards |
| 11 |
Cleanup |
Moderately toxic |
Moderately/Highly toxic |
Moderately toxic |
Solvents flammable, talc toxic by inhalation |
Get MSDS's; use safety razor blades to remove ink; use least toxic solvents; wear gloves; use exhaust fan; respirator; avoid talc |
| 12 |
LITHOGRAPHY |
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| 13 |
Drawing Materials |
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Solvents moderately toxic, except alcohol (slightly toxic) |
Lamp black moderately toxic, may cause cancer |
Airbrushing more hazardous |
Avoid skin contact w/lamp black and solvents; use ventilation; do airbrushing in spray booth; use respirator |
| 14 |
Stone Processing |
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Rosin dust, talc, solvents |
Gum arabic and acid, can burn |
Some are carcinogenic; skin irritants |
Use prepared etches; don't use hydrofluoric acid; wear gloves, goggles, apron; add acid to water,not water to acid; neutralize acids |
| 15 |
Stone Cleaning |
Highly toxic |
Not as serious a hazard |
Highly corrosive/toxic |
Phenol can be fatal |
DON'T USE phenol; wear gloves, goggles, protective apron |
| 16 |
Metal Plate Processing |
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Dichromates highly toxic; lacquers hazard. |
Acids irritants; moderately toxic; phenol highly toxic |
Dichromates probable carcinogens; solvents flammable |
Avoid phenol, dichromates, gas, concentrated acids; wear gloves, goggles, apron; use exhaust hood, respirator, ventilation |
| 17 |
Photolithography |
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Ammonia highly toxic; solvents highly toxic |
Moderately toxic, eye irritants; solvents highly toxic |
Carbon arc fumes highly toxic; uv radiation damaging |
Avoid ammonium dichromate; wear gloves, goggles; use exhaust hood, respirator; don't use carbon arcs; paint walls w/zinc oxide for protection against uv |
| 18 |
INTAGLIO (Acid Etching) |
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| 19 |
Etching Grounds and Stop-Outs |
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Xylene highly toxic; rosin dust slightly toxic |
Xylene absorbed; solvents haz.; asphaltum slightly toxic |
Xylene flammable; alcohol slightly toxic; PAH's carcinogenic |
Store solvents in safety cans; use exhaust ventilation; practice good hygiene techniques; use lowest temperature on hot plates to avoid vaporization of PAH's |
| 20 |
Aquatints |
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Rosin dust causes allergies; spray paints highly toxic |
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Rosin and asphaltum dusts explosive |
Wear respirator; make sure rosin box is sparkproof; wet-mop rosin dusts; use spray hood or respirator, or spray outdoors |
| 21 |
Etching Process |
Acids corrosive, highly toxic |
Highly toxic chlorine gas, nitrogen dioxide haz. |
Acids corrosive; ferric chloride irritant |
Acids may be fatal; Reaction. can cause fires; edges can cut |
Use ferric chloride; store nitric acid & potassium chlorate away from others; wear gloves, goggles, apron; use ventilation; neutralize acids; don't induce vomiting; cover acid baths; use eyewash fountain |
| 22 |
Photo etching |
Ether acetates moderately toxic; xylene highly toxic |
Ethyl acetates highly toxic; xylene highly toxic |
Ethyl acetates highly toxic; xylene moderately toxic |
Butyl cellosolve highly toxic, carbon arcs haz. |
Use presensitized plates; use local exhaust ventilation; wear respirator, gloves; with carbon arcs, use ventilation, wear welding goggles; paint walls with zinc oxide paint to prevent uv radiation reflection |
| 23 |
INTAGLIO (Drypoint, Engraving, Mezzotint) |
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Metal dust irritating |
Cuts from metal |
Carpel tunnel syndrome; electrical shock |
Clamp plate to table to prevent slipping; hold tools properly; cut away from body; store tools in canvas holders, with sharp edges embedded in corks; wear respirator; keep tools sharp; rest wrists to avoid carpel tunnel |
| 24 |
RELIEF PRINTING |
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| 25 |
Woodcuts and Wood Engraving |
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Wood dusts moderately toxic |
Woods moderately toxic & skin irritants; tools can cut skin |
Tools can cause carpel tunnel syndrome |
Vacuum or mop all wood dust; wear hand creams protective against irritating woods; cut away from you, with hands behind tool; rest wrists to avoid carpel tunnel syndrome; use linoleum cutting instead |
| 26 |
Linocuts |
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Solvents moderately toxic |
Tools less likely to cause cuts; caustic soda corrosive |
Heated wax and solvents flammable |
Cut away from you; heat linoleum with electric pad on low heat; wear gloves and goggles; wash hands; avoid open flames; do not let children use caustic soda |
| 27 |
SCREEN PRINTING |
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| 28 |
Stencils |
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Paper stencils are the least hazardous, since solvents are not used in their preparation; stencils for water-based inks need to be insoluble in water at room temperature; those for solvent-based inks must be insoluble in ink solvents |
| 29 |
Resists and Blockouts |
Methyl alcohol moderately toxic |
Ethyl alcohol slightly toxic; methyl alcohol moderately toxic; lacquers highly toxic |
Ethyl alcohol slightly toxic; methyl alcohol moderately toxic; lacquers highly toxic |
Solvents flammable |
Water-soluble glues, wax, and frisket are least haz. materials; wear gloves, goggles; wash hands with water, not solvents; use ventilation, respirator; store solvents in closed containers and dispose of daily |
| 30 |
Film Stencils |
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Adhering fluids moderately toxic; film removers highly toxic; Isopropyl alcohol slightly toxic |
Adhering fluids slightly toxic to moderately toxic; film removers toxic |
Isopropyl alcohol, adhering fluids, film removers flammable |
Use ventilation with adhering fluids and isopropyl alcohol; use adhering fluids instead of film removers to remove film; follow fire prevention rules |
| 31 |
Photo Stencils |
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Ammonium dichromate irritating (probable carcinogen) |
Ammonium dichromate moderately toxic; diazo eye irritants |
Carbon arcs highly haz; uv light haz. |
Wear gloves, goggles; use diazo photemulsions or presensitized emulsions; DO NOT USE carbon arcs; use photoflood or sunlamp instead |
| 32 |
Screen Printing Inks |
Mineral spirits moderately toxic; modifiers moderately toxic |
Mineral spirits moderately toxic; toluene highly toxic; vinyl inks highly toxic |
Mineral spirits moderately toxic; epoxy inks irritating; retarders moderately toxic |
Glycol ethers more haz. than propylene/ethylene |
Use MSDS's; use water-based screen printing inks; use local exhaust ventilation; obey fire prevention rules; empty waste cans daily |
| 33 |
Printing and Drying |
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Solvents highly haz.; gases/fumes irritating |
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Use slot exhaust hood; wear respirator; dry prints in specially ventilated area; use dilution ventilation for postprint curing of fabrics; no ventilation needed for water-based inks |
| 34 |
Cleanup |
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Solvent washups highly toxic; mineral spirits moderately toxic; bleach highly toxic |
Solvents moderately toxic; mineral spirits moderately toxic; bleach moderately toxic |
Solvents are fire hazards |
Clean ink off screen before it dries; use acetone, odorless mineral spirits, or lithotine instead of commercial washups; use ventilation and respirator; wear gloves, goggles; prevent fire; dispose of solvent-soaked rags |
| 35 |
OTHER PRINTING PROCESSES |
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| 36 |
Collagraphs |
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Organic solvent glues haz.; sanding dusts irritating |
Organic solvent glues haz. |
Aerosol spray fixative haz. |
Avoid more toxic glues; wear gloves; use adequate ventilation; use water-based glues instead of solvent-based; wear dust mask; brush on fixatives, instead of spraying; spray outside, with respirator |
| 37 |
Plastic Prints |
Haz. of accidental ingestion of ink |
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Haz. of ink in cuts and sores |
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Use water-based inks; don't wipe plates with hands; use barrier hand cream; use good hygiene techniques; use safety guards |
| 38 |
Monoprints |
Haz. of accidental ingestion of ink |
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Haz. of ink in cuts and sores |
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Use water-based inks; don't wipe plates with hands; use barrier hand cream; use good hygiene techniques; use safety guards |
